Birute Betty Galdikas, the creator of Orangutan Groundwork Dangerous (OFI), trips a eating place at OFI's orangutan care and quarantine center in Pangkalan Bun in the region of Middle More.

In September 2010, U.S. individual Todd Lemons and Western power large Gazprom thought they were just months from earning remaining endorsement for a milestone do maintenance job in Philippines.

One required in the implementation of REDD + is the mechanism of Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) Carbon. The mechanism determining the compensation of efforts to reduce conducted emissions.

"One of the main problems in the MRV is a matter of credibility of the data," said Cecilia Luttrell, CIFOR researcher who give presentations in the UNODC Talk Series.

Credible data, said Lutrell, associated with some values ​​that are important and critical in REDD +. Starting volume of illegal logging, deforestation and carbon emissions to decline.

The scheme pays the population of developing countries to curb carbon emissions from deforestation considered susceptible to leakage. Because the preservation of wood in one location followed by logging in anywhere else because people need wood for everyday life.

"Developed countries should be more clever in keeping the addition of carbon, send the money directly to residents," says Princeton University economist environment, Brendan Fisher. "Converting a patch of dirt followed by a flow of produce from elsewhere. This will be a serious threat to the welfare and livelihoods. "

Fisher and his team perform in-depth analysis on locations around the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania which is a source of biodiversity in order to find out the progress of the program Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD). Fisher's findings showed cessation of deforestation was a cause of loss for people who have been relying subsistence from forest products. Most analysts REDD + does not take into account this problem.

Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Destruction, or the Reduction of Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) is a mechanism to reduce deforestation and forest degradation in order to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest destruction. Currently, land-use emissions accounted for almost one fifth (about 6 GT) of total world emissions, and almost entirely due to deforestation and forest destruction. Half of these emissions are produced by only two countries, namely Indonesia and Brazil. Indonesia produces emissions from deforestation and forest degradation twofold from Brazil, so that deforestation in Indonesia accounted for about one third of total emissions from deforestation and forest destruction, or about seven per cent of total world emissions. No wonder the PEACE (2007) reported that if emissions from deforestation are included in the amount of total emissions, Indonesia became the third largest emitter in the world under the United States and China.

As a result of a long debate and negotiation, reducing emissions from deforestation - the first is referred to as "avoided deforestation" excluded from the Kyoto Protocol before it was adopted. REDD is also not included in the list of activities that can be done in the CDM. Only after diplomats from Papua New Guinea REDD concept was proposed at the Seminar of Governmental Experts event (Soge) interest in the world growing again. With some other countries, Papua New Guinea to form the group of countries of the Rainforest Alliance Nations. Gong of this momentum is COP13 / CMP3 in Bali, Indonesia, when Indonesia hosted the COP as well as Chair. Many participants called COP13 / CMP3 in Bali as "The REDD COP", or COP for REDD REDD agenda because it is so important. REDD is not expected to operate under an international agreement after 2012 - and even then if the agreement post-2012 successor to the Kyoto Protocol could be agreed.

There are several important factors that cause REDD gaining momentum once again after losing momentum avoided deforestation. The main, REDD is an initiative of the state scale, and not in the scale of the project such as avoided deforestation. This means that REDD could answer the problems of leakage (i.e problems in which the reduction of deforestation in an area due to avoided deforestation projects will lead to increased deforestation in other areas. Though not much reduced total deforestation). Because this is state-scale REDD, deforestation then the displacement (leakage) can be monitored, even prevented.

A REDD initiative begins with the determination of emissions of references (reference emission). The first hypothesis emissions from deforestation trend in a country will be defined area possible if there is no deliberate effort inhibitors in this REDD framework. Second, the emissions resulting from the lack of hypothetical REDD efforts - so the threat of deforestation finally happened - will be defined area possible in a particular area. Both of these references - national and local - can be done through the forecast trend of deforestation, or through mathematical models, and so on.