In general, exploitation and use of natural energy resources to meet human needs will always have a negative impact on the environment (e.g air and climate, water and soil). Here are some of the negative impacts of human use of fossil energy and the environment:
In addition to producing energy, the burning of fossil energy sources (e.g: petroleum, coal) is also releasing gases, including carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) which causes air pollution (acid rain , smog and global warming).
Emissions of NOx (Nitrogen oxides) is the release of NOx gases into the air. In the air, half of the concentration of NOx from human activities (eg burning of fossil fuels for power generation and transportation), and the rest comes from natural processes (eg activities of microorganisms that break down organic matter). In the air, some NOx is transformed into nitric acid (HNO3), which can cause acid rain.
Emissions of SO2 (sulfur dioxide) is the release of SO2 gas into the air from combustion of fossil fuels and metal smelting. As levels of NOx in the air, half of the SO2 concentration is also derived from human activities. SO2 gas is emitted into the air to form sulfuric acid (H2SO4) which causes acid rain.
NOx and SO2 emissions into the air can react with water vapor in clouds to form nitric acid (HNO3) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) which is a strong acid. If the cloud is raining, rain water is acidic (pH less than 5.6 which is the pH of "normal rainfall"), known as "acid rain". Acid rain causes the soil and waters (lakes and rivers) into acid. For agriculture and forests, with the acidic soil will affect plant growth in production. For waters, acid rain will cause disruption of living things in it. In addition to acid rain directly cause damage to the building (rust, rot). The process of acid rain.
Smog is air pollution caused by high levels of NOx gases, SO2, O3 in the air are released, among others, by motor vehicle, and industrial activities. Smog can cause coughing and can certainly impede the reach of the eye in looking at.
Emissions of CO2 emission or release of gas is carbon dioxide (CO2) into the air. CO2 emissions are causing greenhouse gas levels in the atmosphere increases, resulting in increased greenhouse effect and global warming. CO2 absorbs the sun's rays (infrared radiation) reflected by the earth so that the temperature of the atmosphere to rise. This can lead to climate change and sea level rise. The process of greenhouse effect
Emissions of CH4 (methane) is the release of CH4 gas into the air that came from, among others, of the gas is not burned, because the main elements of the natural gas is methane gas. Methane is a greenhouse gas that causes global warming.
Coal is in addition to pollution (SO2) is the highest, also produces the most carbon dioxide per unit of energy. Burn 1 ton of coal produces about 2.5 tonnes of carbon dioxide. To get the same amount of energy, the amount of carbon dioxide released by the oil will reach 2 tons of natural gas, while only 1.5 tons
Impact on Aquatic
Exploitation of petroleum, especially the way the shelter and transportation of petroleum that is not feasible, for example: oil ship leaking oil or other accident will cause the oil spill (into the sea, rivers or ground water) can cause water pollution. Basically, the pollution caused by human error. Water pollution by oil is generally caused by the indiscriminate disposal of lubricating oil. At sea pollution by oil often occur from a leaking tank. The presence of oil on water surface prevents contact between the water with air so that oxygen levels decreased.
Impact on Land
The impact of energy use against soil able to known, for example of the extra coal. Issues associated with a layer of soil appeared mainly in open-pit mining (Mini Open Pit if it inhaled and enter the body, most will be buried in the bone. When people experience stress, being mobilize from bone and into the bloodstream causing a risk of poisoning. In the long term , pebe accumulation could be dangerous.
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