Kyoto Protocol

The Kyoto Protocol is a protocol document formulated under the UN climate change agreement (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change - UNFCCC).

Formulate this protocol in detail the steps that must and can be taken by various countries that ratify it to achieve the objectives agreed in the UN climate change treaty, namely the "stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that can prevent human disturbance / anthropogenic climate system world ".

Kyoto Protocol, as the name implies, adopted at the third meeting of Conference of Parties (COP) of UNFCCC on 11 December 1997 in Kyoto, Japan. The Kyoto Protocol legally binding on countries that have signed and ratified it.

On February 16, 2005, the Kyoto Protocol entered into force after successfully collecting the minimum number of countries that ratified it. So far, 187 countries have signed and ratified the Kyoto Protocol.

Kyoto Protocol outlines the 37 industrialized countries (called Annex I countries) are required for each to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to 5.2 percent below 1990 emission levels. This figure is agreed upon based on the recommendations contained in the UN IPCC scientist panel report.

To assist Annex I countries are bound emission reduction obligations, the Kyoto Protocol sets a variety of flexible mechanisms (Flexible Mechanisms) such as emissions trading (emission trading), clean development mechanisms (clean development mechanism) and joint implementation (joint implementation). These mechanisms allow industrialized countries to earn emissions credits by funding an emission reduction projects in countries outside Annex I or Annex I countries that have exceeded the required reduction in emissions.

Kyoto Protocol commitment period would have expired in 2012. UNFCCC signatory countries are still in the process of formulating a new treaty that will continue or replace the Kyoto Protocol after the first commitment period ends. For that in 2007 had produced the Bali Roadmap, or Bali Roadmap that underlie international negotiations in achieving this.